Which of the following best defines federalism?

Federalism is best defined as a dual system of sovereignty where both national and state governments have authority. This structure allows for a division of powers between the various levels of government, enabling them to operate independently while still being part of a cohesive political framework.

In a federal system, responsibilities and powers are constitutionally divided, allowing both the national and state governments to legislate, enforce laws, and manage public policy. This creates a dynamic where each government can assist in governance and address the needs of the populace within their specific jurisdictions. For instance, the national government might handle issues like defense and immigration, while state governments might focus on education and transportation.

This system supports a balance of power, preventing any single entity from becoming too powerful and fostering cooperation and conflict between different levels of government, which is a hallmark of the federalism concept.

Alternative definitions provided in the other choices do not capture the essence of federalism. One suggests a system where only the national government has authority, completely disregarding the roles and responsibilities of state governments. Another option describes a system of local governments without a national government, which contradicts federalism's core principle of shared sovereignty. Lastly, a unified government with no state authority misrepresents federalism by implying a centralized system