Which document established a constitutional framework for the United States government?

The U.S. Constitution is the foundational document that established a constitutional framework for the United States government. Ratified in 1788, it outlines the structure, powers, and limitations of the three branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Constitution sets forth important principles such as the separation of powers, checks and balances, and the protection of individual rights through the Bill of Rights.

By delineating the roles and responsibilities of each branch and the relationship between the federal and state governments, the Constitution created a robust framework for governance that has endured for over two centuries. This document serves as the supreme law of the land and provides a processes for amending itself to adapt to changing societal needs and beliefs.

The other options, while historically significant, do not serve as the governing framework for the United States. The Articles of Confederation was the first governing document but proved ineffective and was replaced by the Constitution. The Federalist Papers are a collection of essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution but do not themselves establish a framework. The Declaration of Independence, while crucial in declaring the colonies' intent to separate from British rule, does not provide a framework for government.