Which case established that the Supreme Court has the power of judicial review?

The case that established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. This landmark decision, issued in 1803, was foundational in affirming the role of the judiciary in the American government system. In this case, the Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, declared that it had the authority to review acts of Congress and determine their constitutionality. This established the principle that the judiciary could invalidate laws that it found to conflict with the Constitution, thereby positioning the Supreme Court as a powerful check on the legislative and executive branches.

The importance of judicial review is significant because it allows the judiciary to uphold the rule of law and protect individual rights by ensuring that no law or government action can supersede the Constitution. This principle has since become a cornerstone of the American legal system.