What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Engel vs. Vitale?

The Supreme Court's ruling in Engel vs. Vitale declared that organized prayer in public schools is unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. This landmark case established that the government, including public schools, cannot endorse or promote a specific religion, which extends to allowing a school-sanctioned prayer to be recited in the classroom. The Court found that even if the prayer was nondenominational and students had the choice to participate or not, it was still considered a violation of the principle of separation of church and state. This ruling emphasized that the government should remain neutral on religious matters, reinforcing that public institutions should not engage in practices that could be perceived as favoring one religion over another or religion over non-religion.

The other options do not align with this interpretation upheld by the Court. For example, while voluntary, student-led prayers might be permitted under certain conditions, the ruling specifically addressed organized and state-sponsored prayer, which is what made the case significant in establishing the precedent regarding school prayer. Therefore, the correct understanding of the Engel vs. Vitale ruling centers on the unconstitutionality of organized prayer in public schools.