What political philosophy emphasizes the idea of the social contract?

The emphasis on the social contract is a foundational aspect of Social Contract Theory. This political philosophy posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form societies and establish a government in exchange for certain benefits, such as protection and the maintenance of social order. Thinkers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau have elaborated on the social contract in different ways, articulating how it justifies political authority and the legitimacy of state power.

Inherent in Social Contract Theory is the notion that people agree to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of a governing body in return for the protection of their remaining rights. This mutual agreement shapes the structure of political systems and influences concepts such as justice, rights, and government responsibilities. This foundation is critical to discussions on the nature of democracy, individual rights, and the limitations of governmental power.

While Marxism, libertarianism, and utilitarianism each focus on different aspects of society, economy, or moral philosophy, they do not center their analysis around the concept of a social contract as a means to legitimize political authority or to explain the formation and responsibilities of government in relation to individuals. Thus, Social Contract Theory distinctly captures the essence of this political philosophy